So, you need to cut steel for a DIY project (like a crane or trailer). Easy, Right? What is the best, easiest, cheapest, fastest way of cutting steel? There must be dozens of ways, so, the better question might be “What method of steel cutting is best for you?”
Answering this question about cutting steel begs for some additional input:
- What types of materials will you be cutting (Tube, Flat, Sheet, etc.)?
- How accurate must it be?
- How fast must it cut?
- What size are the pieces?
- What space is available?
- How much money is in the budget?
- And more …
Of course, this is the Do It Yourself Plans Portal, so let’s talk DIY options. This discussion is limited to machines for cutting steel that don’t require massive or super expensive machinery. We will eliminate wire EDM (electrical discharge machining), for instance, because the cost is typically overkill for DIY shops and the accuracy is well beyond the needs of most do it yourself projects. We already covered Drilling, so we will leave that out too.
DIY Methods — How To Cut Steel:
Here are several steel cutting methods that are common for DIY craftsman. In the table:
– We use stars for general ratings. More stars mean Cheaper, Easier, Faster, Smaller.
– Hover your mouse over the stars (and “Details”) for info about categories and ratings.
Ease of Setup |
Ease of Cutting |
Cutting Time |
Accuracy of Cut |
Finish of Cut |
Size & Storage |
Cost |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hack Saw |  |
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| Circular Saw (w/ Abrasive Blade) |
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| Chop Saw (w/ Abrasive Blade) |
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| Chop Saw (w/ Carbide Teeth) |
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| Band Saw (Horizontal) |
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| Cutting Torch | |
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| Plasma Cutter | |
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| Water Jet / Laser Cut |
N/A – |
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N/A | |
About The Stars Table
The ratings are based on personal experience. I accept a variation of a star or so in any of the columns since it is pretty hard to define how good or appropriate a particular method is for metal cutting in general. I also recognize that there are many other methods, like sheers, snips, water jet and even bolt cutters, that are not on the list. Basically, it covers methods of cutting stock for the types of projects covered by our DIY plans – things like our Trailers and Shop Tools (Cranes, and Presses).
Let’s take a look at a little more detail for each of these methods for cutting steel.
Cut Steel with a Hacksaw
The classic hacksaw (or hacksaw if you prefer) is the quintessential metal cutting tool. Hacksaws are cheap, small, and easy to use. Every shop should have at least one because they can do things that are difficult or impossible with some of the other cutting methods. They are great to cut steel or aluminum or almost any metal.
For instance, in the photo shown, cutting at a steep angle to the direction of the material is quite difficult to set up for many of the other methods, yet it is easy to do with a hacksaw.
Another plus for hacksaws: they can get into almost anywhere, and they can cut really small things that would be nearly impossible to put in a vise to cut with power tools. Blades for hacksaws are also easily available, relatively cheap, and come in lots of different tooth pitches. They are available for cutting steel or for aluminum. Additionally, hacksaws come in variations from the classic bow to the super small extended blade. Just make sure you get the teeth direction right!
The big disadvantage to a hacksaw is the time and effort it takes to make a cut. Still, despite the extra time and effort involved, a hacksaw is an indispensable tool for the DIY hobbyist. Certainly using one can be a lot of effort, but if you keep the blade moving straight in the cut, use a little cutting oil, and push only into the cut, then the hacksaw is not that bad even for big and thick materials.
Power Hacksaws
The power version of a hacksaw (like a Sawzall) is much like a regular saw, but with the obvious advantage of power. For cutting steel, they are quite useful, but it is hard to get a good square cut. Sometimes these are a lifesaver when cutting things already installed (and there is a lot of that with DIY home projects), but usually not as useful with new DIY projects.
Abrasive Blades
You can use an abrasive blade on a number of different machines. The classic is the Chop Saw, but you can also put smaller discs on a circular saw, or on a die-grinder. (The circular saw method is how I built my first race car tube frame.)
The Chop saw is a great way to cut steel with straight / square cuts (and most angles). The circular saw is more maneuverable, cheaper and smaller than a Chop saw. Circular saws are also great for cutting sheets of metal and bigger stuff that you can’t put into a chop saw. It is versatile, too – you can change to a wood cutting blade pretty easily so the tool can do multi-duty.
A good portable option is the die-grinder. They are not practical for big cutting, but super nice for notching, for cutting small areas and for hard to reach places. The angle grinder fits in this same category. Whether you put an abrasive disk cutter on it, or maybe a diamond encrusted cutting blade, these tools make great free hand cutting.
The big disadvantages for abrasive cutting are the mess and the constant replacement of blades. As they wear, you can’t cut as deep or as big, so sometimes you end up switching blades even though the warn one is not totally worn out. For free-hand cutting, keep the blade straight in the cut, or you can splinter the blade all over.
Carbide Tipped Blades For Cutting Steel
Another type of chop saw uses carbide tipped teeth on a circular steel blade. It looks like a wood cutting blade, but don’t try it with your compound miter saw because the speed is much slower for cutting metals.
This method is simply machining – with a carbide tip cutter. These are typically used dry, and the blades are specific for aluminum or for steel. Blades last a lot longer (like 20 times longer) than abrasive blades and they don’t change size (wear down) as you cut. They do throw little chips of metal as you cut, but not nearly as messy as abrasive saws. No abrasive dust in the air and all over the shop.
Another great thing is the relatively small space for using it. I just put it on the floor, then use some wood blocks I made (right size) for supporting the workpiece level off the floor. After cutting, clean up is easy, and the saw sets nicely on a shelf.
Carbide-tipped saws have Disadvantages as well. They are initially more expensive than an abrasive chop saw, and their blades are more expensive too (though you save money in the long run because they cut much longer before they wear out). Chop saws are great for straight cut-off type cuts, and angles (of 45 degrees or less), but not for out-of-position cuts. Evolution (and others) do make a circular saw style too, (they scare me), if you want, or need one.
On A Personal Note
I bought the Evolution shown here and find it amazing. Mostly I have used abrasive and band saw cutting, but this saw changed the game. It is easier to set up than a band saw, not nearly as messy as abrasive cutting, and faster than either of the above. Plus, it is relatively small so, it stores easily on a shelf. The finished cut is is also quite nice and requires little or no post cut clean-up (with a file). I am a fan.
By the way, when the blade is really sharp, it makes almost no sparks. After building a couple cranes and several other big projects, it makes the fun sparks. See the image at the top of this post. A local tool sharpening shop brings it back to perfect for much less than the cost of a new blade, and it’s good to go for many more projects. I am actually really impressed at the number of cuts one blade can do!
Evolution is not a sponsor of this site, but I think they should be.
Band Saw
I had a big horizontal band saw for years. The machine was truly awesome for cutting all different sizes of materials – beams, tubes, solid rod, etc. I thought it was the last metal cut-off type machine I would ever need.
The cuts are good, and the blades last a long time if you are careful to match the tooth pitch and speed with the material you are cutting. Make sure you use flood cooling because that drastically improves cutting quality and blade life.
Band saws have a moderate cutting speed, and they are reasonably accurate when setup properly. For big section pieces like solid bar, you just set up the saw and walk away. If it takes half an hour to cut a 5″ solid, it doesn’t matter. Just let it do its thing. For really big stuff, there is no question, the band saw is the way to go.
Smaller band saws, even handheld ones are available. Unfortunately, I have never used a small one, so I don’t know what that is like.
Are there Disadvantages? They are big, not very portable, and to be most useful, need a lot of space for material supports (like conveyor wheels).
Cutting Torch
The old oxy-type cutting torch is a shop standard. If you work with rusty bolts and such – the cutting torch is an essential tool. However, most new materials DIY projects won’t have as much need.
A cutting torch can cut through steel and almost anything else too, but you must be really careful about things around it! Note the flame as in the Photo from wikihow.com.
For fabricating, cutting torches are not as useful because they are nearly impossible to get much accuracy, and the finished cut is often jagged and rough. Cutting other odd shapes like an I-Beam is even worse.
Anyway, other than the tanks, they are not that expensive, and they don’t take that much space to store. Of course, that depends on the size of the tanks you choose.
The nice thing about a torch – that is just one implement the oxy setup can do. The old rose-bud is another fantastic tool that works on the same setup. A brazing tip is yet another.
Plasma To Cut Steel
Plasma cutters are amazing. If you have not tried one, you should. For cutting steel sheet and flat materials, they are easy and fast – though not very accurate.
Plasma is a great way to cut shapes from plate. Laser or waterjet will yield nicer edges, but at a cost. You can also do free-hand cutting steel too – if you are steady.
A lot of attachments are available to help make a good cut. Or, make them yourself. Use a straight edge to guide it, or a support to keep a correct distance above the workpiece. Make your own, or there are guides to purchase – like from Weldfabulous.com > Guides. This photo shows plasma cutting steel using an edge as guide for a straight cut.
Plasma cutters are extremely flexible in that you can use them in different positions and do all sorts of crazy shapes – it is like drawing with cuts. Again, like torches, you really need to be careful about other things around while it is spraying molten metal. The excitement it brings is not usually the excitement we want.
When you cut steel, the edges leave something to be desired. Compared to some of the other methods to cut steel above, but it is better than a cutting torch, and this tool will do lots of things other methods just can’t.
Disadvantages include the usual – high cost for really cool machines. They are not as accurate as a saw, and the surface finish of the cut is not so good. Cuts can require a lot of cleanup after. They are also cumbersome for cutting shapes (like I-Beam), and tube (if you want a good cut all around). Oh, and there are some safety limitations due to the sparks and welding fire they spew.
Outsource Cutting
While not technically DIY, there are more really great ways to cut steel (and other materials) to spruce up a project. Laser cutting and Water Jet cutting are two specifically good for cutting sheet and plate. Cutting in the right notches can align parts for excellent build quality. Also, there are frequent times when a fun shape will make a project stand out. One example for both of these is the back plate on our Deck-Over trailers. The shape is nice, but also all cut-outs for the ramps, tail lights and alignment notches make that piece ideal for Laser or Water Jet. Plasma cutting CNC machines too (though plasma does not leave as accurate an edge).
CNC cutting (mills, lathes, etc.) are on a whole other level, but it is most definitely a way to cut metal of all sorts. We won’t go into it here, but to me, there is no substitute for some situations. I love it, and will easily pony up a few dollars for cool shapes with accurate cuts. A great way to cut steel – thick or thin.
The big Disadvantages for these non-DIY methods are access and cost. These types of computer controlled cutting methods require CAD files to define the cuts. We provide the CAD files with our plans that need them, but for typical DIYers, making CAD files is not that accessible.
Secondly, the price of making parts is higher than the other methods above. You take the CAD files to the cutting shop, then they cut the parts and you get to pay. For the right circumstances, there is value in accuracy of the cuts, and it is super helpful for a quality project. So, for me, that makes this type of cutting extremely valuable. Again, in the right situation.
DIY Tools To Cut Steel — Wrap-Up
Every cutting method has its advantages and disadvantages. They all have areas where they shine, and areas where they are not so good. No single method can do it all, so for us in the DIY arena, we need to choose the methods that do what we need most – tempered, of course, by what we can afford and what fits our work space.
With that in mind, you will likely want more than one for your shop. Start with a hacksaw, because it is easily the most versatile, the cheapest (by far), and the smallest. Next, maybe an abrasive saw of some type, then move up as your needs (and budget) dictate.
Without other constraints, to cut steel (or aluminum or other metals for that matter), we suggest the following.
- For Cut-off duties (pipe, tube, angle, beams, etc.), we recommend, first the Carbide Tipped Blade Chop Saw, or a Band Saw.
- Out of position cuts and for drastic angles, we recommend an abrasive saw to cut steel – either a hand held circular saw or a die grinder.
- For free-hand and plate type cutting steel, definitely a plasma cutter if you can afford one. A Sawzall if you can’t afford plasma.
- Finally, keep a good old hacksaw handy for the small jobs and the little obnoxious weird places you need to cut steel (or whatever).
Don’t forget you can also hire out the non-DIY cutting methods. While they are not technically DIY methods, they sure can help the DIY builds.
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